Grammar-Quizzes › Verb Phrases › Verbs › Past › Would vs. Used to
We kids had a wonderful time when my family lived by the ocean. We would walk to the beach after school. We would quickly find a place to sit and put on our swim suits. Then, we would rush into the oncoming waves and swim our worries away. We would jump the waves and body-surf until mom would pick us up. Then, we would go home, clean up, eat dinner, do our homework, and sleep soundly. The next day, it would begin all over again. We really loved those days with our feet in the sand and our faces in the saltwater.
When I was fourteen, my father accepted a new job. We had to move to a city inland. Our days changed. We used to walk to the beach. But after our move, it was too far away. So instead, we walked to a nearby recreational center to swim. The pool was big, long, clean and very flat. We used to think it was boring because it had no action like the waves that we were used to¹. Shortly after our move, we kids joined the swim team and learned to swim competitively. After a while, we did not miss the beach so much.
WOULD – PAST ROUTINE ACTIVITY | ||
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Would and used (to) have somewhat similar meanings. Would expresses that (1) an activity was a past routine, typical behavior, having duration or repetition and (2) it was often related to another activity. The focus is on the past activity (no particular attention to whether it continues or not.) |
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SUBJECT | PREDICATE | COMP / ADJUNCT |
NP | MODAL V | PLAIN FORM VERB |
We |
would |
go to the beach after school. (Another activity is often relative.) |
We |
would |
put on our swimsuits and then walk to the beach. |
We |
would |
rush into the waves. |
We kids |
would |
jump in and then swim our worries away. |
(You) → |
Would you Wouldn't you
|
do the same? |
USED (TO) – DISCONTINUED ROUTINE / HABIT | ||
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Used to /use to expresses that (1) an activity was a past habit that occurred at an earlier stage of life and (2) it ended. The focus is on the past habit not its duration. This activity or habit occurred but no longer continues because of a change of circumstances or change of willpower. (I used to smoke!) |
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SUBJECT | PREDICATE | COMP / ADJUNCT |
NP | V (PAST) | INFIN CLS |
We |
used |
to go to the beach. (No other activity is required.) |
We |
used |
to put on our swimsuits on the beach. (Now we are adults and don't do that.) |
We |
used |
to rush into the waves, but now we don't. We check for jellyfish first. |
We kids |
used |
to swim our worries away, but we cannot do that anymore. |
(You) → |
Did you use² *Did you used Didn't you use² |
to do the same? |
¹were used to — accustomed to: We are used to going to school. See Used vs. Be used to.
²used / did use – remember to remove the final -d from used when in a question (Did you use to swim?) or negative context (You didn't use to swim.)
competitively (Adv) — as a participant in competitions (sports); in a manner of trying or desiring to win
inland (N) — an area away from a body of water; interior
jellyfish (N) – a sea creature that floats in the water and gives painful stings with several of its long tentacles
rush (V) – move quickly or move toward something quickly
soundly (Adv) — deeply
used (to) – is a verb that is followed by a specified preposition "to". That is, it requires one preposition in particular. See Verbs with specified prepositions.
waves (N) – rolling action of water onto the beach; also used for the shape of sound signals and the shape of semi-curly hair.
WOULD |
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Would expresses that an activity was frequently repeated; therefore, it cannot refer to past states, except when related to the occurrence of another activity (time-relative activity). |
PAST STATES OF POSSESSION, MIND, OR BEING |
~She would have an amazing tan. (always had) |
~She would think it was all right to sit in the sun all day. (always thought) |
*She would be the most popular girl on the beach. (was always) |
She would bite her finger nails / smoke / take drugs. (repeatedly) |
TIME-RELATED ACTIVITY |
She would have an amazing tan by the time summer ended. |
She would think she was very cool whether or not anyone else did. |
She would be the most popular girl on the beach when she wore her bikini. (after, before, while) |
She would bite her finger nails whenever she was nervous. |
USED |
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Used can refer to past states: existence, possession, having a particular characteristic, state of mind, and major, unbreakable habits (usually bad) etc. |
PAST STATES OF POSSESSION, MIND, OR BEING |
She used to have an amazing tan. (characteristic) |
She used to think she was very cool. (state of mind) |
She used to be the most popular girl on the beach. (existence) |
She used to bite her finger nails / smoke / take drugs. (major habit, doesn't do it now, earlier stage of life) |
TIME-RELATED ACTIVITY |
She used to have an amazing tan by the time summer ended. |
She used to think she was very cool whether or not anyone else did. |
She used to be the most popular girl on the beach when she wore her bikini. |
She used to bite her finger nails whenever she was nervous. |
*not used / ~ borderline use It requires a special context, for example, the rest of the paragraph is written using "would".
Related page Static Verbs. Also so time-relative clauses After/ Before/ When
AUXILIARY | SUBJECT NOUN | VERB | INFINITIVE COMPLEMENT | ADVERBIAL PHRASE |
---|---|---|---|---|
STATEMENT | ||||
Joe |
used |
to call |
every morning. |
|
He |
would call |
|
every morning. |
|
QUESTION | ||||
Did |
Joe |
use |
to call |
every morning? |
Would |
he |
|
|
every morning? |
NEGATIVE | ||||
Joe |
didn't use |
to call |
every morning. |
|
He |
would n't call |
|
every morning. |
|
†EMPHASIS | ||||
Joe |
did call |
|
every morning. |
|
He |
would |
every morning. |
||
ADV/ FREQUENCY | ||||
|
Joe |
always used |
to call. |
|
He |
rarely would / would rarely call |
|
|
†Use emphasis word order when contradicting or stating that the opposite is true: "I think he didn't use to call every morning." "No, he did call every morning."
ERROR |
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*In the past, people used to call a person on his or her birthday.
|
*Last year, I used to study very hard. (the adverb is awkward) |
*I used to live in San Diego for five years. (including an adverb is awkward) |
*I used to go to the gym several times. (including an adverb is awkward) |
*Did you used to live in Los Angeles? (word form error with past auxiliary) |
SOLUTION |
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In the past, people would call a person on his/ her/ their birthday. |
I used to study very hard. (Remove the adverb.) Last year, I studied very hard. (Change the verb to past tense when using an adverb for time.) When I was in college, I used to study very hard. (Use a time-relative clause to refer to an earlier stage of life) |
I lived in San Diego for five years. (Use past tense with a quantity of time. Note the focus is on timing here.) I used to live in San Diego. (Used to is not used with a quantity of time.) |
I went to the gym several times.
(Use past tense.) |
Did you use to live in Los Angeles? (Remove the final -d when using did.) |
*not used
Related page: Used to vs. Be used to
Pop-Q "Use (to)"
TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR | LINGUISTIC DESCRIPTION |
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WOULD | WOULD |
In traditional description, would is a modal that expresses an action that was repeated. Unlike most modals, it does not occur with static verbs (stative) verbs. *He would be a Boy Scout. (static) Would expresses an action that was repeated regularly in the past. (Azar 10-7) |
In linguistic description, would is a modal. However, unlike other modals it expresses aspect (frequentative) more than modality. Would takes a plain-form nonfinite clause as its complement: would modal + nonfinite clause (plain form verb) "Will differs from would in not allowing references to a single actualisation" He will leave at noon. (singular occurrence) He would leave at noon. (routine) (Past Time Would "Propensity" Huddleston 3 §9.8.1) |
USED TO | USED (TO) |
Traditional descriptions,call this an expression or phrase. Some grammarians include it as a modal phrase. used to (not *use to) Used to expresses a situation that existed in the past, but it no longer exists. (Azar 10-7, 10-10) |
Used (to) is marginally used as an auxiliary, and mostly used as a lexical verb. It has an infinitival nonfinite clause as its complement. "Morphologically, it is highly defective: it has no present tense, no gerund-participle, and no past participle. The plain form is found only in construction with auxiliary do." (Huddleston 3 §2.5.9) used (to) (limited to past tense) verb + nonfinite clause (infinitival) (Swan 604) |
Grammatical Functions: Subject – (Subj) the agent of the action; Predicate/Predicator – (Pred) the action or change in state; Complement – Comp – an element required to complete the subject and predicate; Adjunct – an element not required by the verb, a modifying word, phrase, clause; Supplement – a comment in the form of a word, phrase or clause that is loosely related to the central idea of the sentence.
Lexical Categories "Parts of Speech": N – noun / pronoun; NP – noun phrase; V – verb; VP – verb phrase; Adj – adjective; AdjP – adjective phrase; Adv – adverb; AdvP – adverb phrase; P – preposition; PP – prepositional phrase; Det – determiners – noun markers (e.g., articles, quantifiers, demonstratives, possessives); Subord – subordinator; Coord – coordinator; Interj – interjection; INF – infinitive: GER – gerund; Nonfinite: an infinitive or gerund clause
In the 1950s, women (wash) dishes in the kitchen sink. A woman (wash) the dishes immediately after everyone finished a meal. Her husband (rarely–wash) dishes because it was not considered to be his job. A wife (often–do) the dishes by hand. She (do) the dishes three times a day. I remember that my mother (have) a special towel just for dishes and not for hands.
She (get) angry if we dried our hands with it. She (be) a very strict mother. Did your mother (have) the same rule? She would use a separate towel for dishes, (use) she? My grandmother (do) the dishes for thirty years. Then she bought a dishwasher. Last year, she (use) a dishwasher for the first time and will never go back to hand-washing the dishes!
do the dishes (expression) – wash the dishes
strict (Adj) – imposing rules for behavior
When we were young, we use to love watching cartoons on Saturday mornings. We would watched "The Road Runner", "Scooby-Doo", and Disney cartoons. Then, as we grew older we would like "The Simpsons" every afternoon. We used to imitate the voices of Bart and Homer Simpson all the time. Our mom would getting angry at us for acting stupid.
Later, we became Anime fans. We used to trade copies of different films. Sometimes, we would had Anime parties and dress up as our favorite characters.
Now, we have kids of our own, and they ask us, "Did you used to watch this when you were young?"
Anime (N) — a style of Japanese animated cartoons, with big-eyed characters, colorful scenes, and action-filled plots (stories)
Disney (N) — cartoons made in the Walt Disney studios such as "Snow White", "Aladdin", "The Little Mermaid", etc.
imitate (V) — act like someone or something in voice, action or appearance
trade (V) — exchange, borrow
Before the Internet, we used to sent greeting cards. These including cards for birthdays, graduations, weddings, illness, thank-yous, and sympathy (for illness or death). Now, the Internet allows us to send our thoughts and wishes through email, tweets, social network postings, and electronic greeting cards.
For many people, this is an acceptable way to save time, money, and paper, and still express our caring. For others, it is not proper. For example, my cousin had a birthday last week, so I post my best wishes on Facebook. He happy to receive my greetings. In contrast, my grandmother did not enjoyed receiving birthday greetings over the Internet. She told me to call her if I didn't had the money to send her a card. I think she angry! When I was little, she would always sent me a card on every birthday. I used to looking forward to receiving her cards. So, I will continue the card-sending tradition with her.
In addition to the age of the receiver, the occasion makes a difference. While most of you wouldn't mind a birthday greeting online, you probably would mind a condolence online. Last month, I had to buy the first greeting card of the year. It was for a friend whose father died. I didn't want to post a public message offering sympathy. Instead, I sent a card with some words of sympathy. In the past, we used to visit this friend and bring food, but that is changing now too.
Offering sympathy is also better in person. Yesterday, I called a friend who was sick. I think he appreciated hearing my voice more than anything I could buy or write. In the past, we were used to talk almost everyday.
As the Internet changes our interactions, we have to re-think the customs that we used to. In some cases, we can express our love and caring electronically, but in other cases we need to express it on paper or in person.
condolence (N) — sympathy for someone who has had something bad happen to them, especially when someone has died.
interactions (N) — the ways we communicate and behave with others
sympathy (N) — the feeling of being sorry for someone who is in a bad situation
would mind (V) — object to, be bothersome; as in Would you mind if I sat here?
Related page Used to / Be used to