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 PRACTICE ON POINTS OF ENGLISH GRAMMAR

• Adjective Clauses
• That
• Who-whom
• Whose
• When-Where
• Wh-ever
• All of which
• The X of which
• That v. Which
• Some or All
• Which-clause
• Phrases [be]
• Particpl Phrs
• Adj Clause Qz
• More…

 Shortening Clauses to Participle Phrases

Removing Wordiness from Descriptive Clauses

 

 

 

 

 

Shortening a clause with a present participle phrase

ADJECTIVE CLAUSE	PRESENT PARTICIPLE PHRASE
Sentences or clauses with ACTIVE verb forms can be shortened to modifying phrases.	Delete the pronoun and change the verb to its -ing form.
Congress, which consists of two houses, is on a break.	Congress, consisting of two houses, is on a break.
The stock market, which crashed to its lowest point of the year, worried us.	The stock market, crashing to its lowest point of the year, worried us.
Gas which costs over $4 a gallon can be seen in the Bay Area.	Gas costing over $4 a gallon can be seen in the Bay Area.

 

 

That + (be) Deletion

A relative pronoun that, who, which + be  (is, are, was, were...) can be deleted from a modifiying clause to shorten it to a modifying phrase. 

• passive verbs – change to a modifier ending in -ED (past participle form)
• active verbs – change to a modifier ending in -ING   (present participle form)

 

 

 

Practice 

Good Health

 

 

Shorten the adjective clause to a phrase.

1. Select the word from each menu that best completes the sentence. 
2. Compare your response to the answer by clicking the "check" button to the right. 

 

#	YOUR RESPONSE - SHORTEN THE CLAUSE	CHECK YOUR ANSWER
1.	A healthy diet that includes fruit and fiber will decrease one's risk of cancer. A healthy diet that includes including included includes fruit and fiber will decrease one's risk of cancer.
2.	A family that takes vitamins has fewer visits to the doctor.     A family v that takes taking took takes itamins has fewer visits to the doctor.
3.	The study said that children who attended preschool often had more colds. The study said that children who attended attend attending attended preschool often had more colds.
4.	Joggers who will run in the marathon should get to the stadium early to warm up. Joggers who will run who running running ran in the marathon should get to the stadium early to warm up.
5.	A person who does at least 30 minutes of exercise a day will feel better. A person who does did doing does at least 30 minutes of exercise a day will feel better.
6.	Senior citizens who keep active tend to live longer, happier lives. Senior citizens who keep kept keeping active tend to live longer, happier lives.
7.	Fifty years ago, many people who suffered from Tuberculosis eventually died. Fifty years ago, many people who suffered suffering have suffered from Tuberculosis eventually died.
8.	Today, the number of people who die from AIDs is finally decreasing. Today, the number of people who die they died dying from AIDs is finally decreasing.
9.	People who don't vote should not complain about their government. People who don't vote doesn't voting not voting should not complain about their government.
10.	Do you think that a person who smokes around children in public should be cited? Do you think that a person who smokes smoked smoking around children in public should be cited?

 

 

 

 

 

 

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